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    合肥黃麓師范學校景觀更新營造記 / 普邦設計

    百年·樹·人

    安徽合肥

    75,643㎡

    黃麓師范學校

    華南理工大學建筑設計研究院

    2019年6月

    廣州普邦園林股份有限公司

    IAM岸木攝影

    背景 | CONTEXT

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    洪瞳張本堯,捐資辦學校;老人齊歡喜,兒童哈哈笑”。在今天的合肥市巢湖之畔黃麓鎮一個叫洪家瞳的地方,曾流傳著這樣一首民謠,它講述著“和平將軍”張治中與黃麓師范學校的淵源。


    "Hong Tong Zhang Benyao, donated money to run a school; The old people rejoiced, and the children laughed." In a place called Hongjiatong in Huanglu Town, on the bank of Chaohu Lake in Hefei City today, there was such a folk song, which tells the origin of the "Peace General" Zhang Zhizhong and Huanglu Normal School.


     

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    1928年,著名愛國將軍張治中先生秉持“教育救國”思想,捐資在家鄉巢湖市黃麓鎮洪家疃創辦黃麓學校。1933受陶行知創辦曉莊師范影響,在黃麓學?;A上創辦安徽省立黃麓簡易鄉村師范。

    黃麓師范是全國首批中等師范學校,是安徽省中等師范教育的發端,曾享有“南有曉莊,北有黃麓”的盛譽,被視為中國鄉村教育的楷模。近百年來,鐘靈毓秀的黃麓師范學校為民族振興和國家教育事業作出了卓越的貢獻,培養了數以萬計的優秀教育者和建設人才,享譽海內外。


    In 1928, Mr. Zhang Zhizhong, a famous patriotic general, donated funds to establish Huanglu School in Hongjiatuan, Huanglu Town, Chaohu City. Huanglu Normal School is one of the first batch of secondary normal schools in the country, the beginning of secondary normal education in Anhui Province, and once enjoyed the reputation of "Xiaozhuang in the south and Huanglu in the north", and is regarded as a model of rural education in China. In the past 100 years, Huanglu Normal School has made outstanding contributions to national rejuvenation and national education, and has cultivated tens of thousands of outstanding educators and talents, and is well-known at home and abroad.


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    擁有厚重悠久歷史底蘊、輝煌燦爛辦學成就的黃麓師范的發展受到國家領導人和省、市領導的重視,多次蒞臨指導,要求加大投入,改善辦學條件,提升辦學質量,不辜負張治中先生建校之初的殷切期盼。


    The development of Huanglu Normal School, which has a rich and long history and brilliant achievements in running a school, has been valued by national leaders and provincial and municipal leaders for many times. This renovation is a fusion of the old and new campuses. The old campus is located as the administrative office area, and it is also the patriotic education base of the school and nearby. 


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    本次景觀設計是一個新老校區的融合,老校區定位為教師生活和文化傳承,同時也是學校及附近的愛國主義教育基地,新校區主要為教育教學、運動休憩和學生生活區,以村落的尺度結合民國風格的材料等元素,與老校區整體的調性統一。設計秉持保護歷史、融入自然、連接人文的原則,實現了老校區的保護性修繕與新校區的功能性擴建。


    The new campus is the main teaching and living sports area for students. The village scale is combined with the materials and colors of the Republic of China, which is unified with the overall tonality of the old campus.


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    ▲張治中,字文白,原名本堯


    翻開現代中國史,張治中始終是一位令人矚目的人物。他以天下為己任,識大體,顧大局,光明磊落與中國共產黨肝膽相照,風雨同舟,真誠合作。由于他為謀求國共合作、避免內戰而不遺余力地奔走,因而被人們譽為“和平將軍”。作為一位曾叱咤風云的歷史人物,張治中的影響并不僅限于政治和軍事領域。他秉持“富國必須重經濟建設,重視經濟建設首應重視教育,而尤其應重視農村教育”親手創辦的黃麓師范學校,與著名的曉莊師范并肩馳名于大江南北,被視為鄉村教育的楷模。


    On the pages of modern Chinese history, Zhang Zhizhong has always been an eye-catching figure. Because he spared no effort to seek cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and avoid civil war, he was known as the "General of Peace". As a prominent historical figure, Zhang Zhizhongs influence was not limited to the political and military. He adhered to the principle that "a rich country must attach importance to economic construction, and regard economic construction as the first priority of education, especially rural education", and the Huanglu Normal School, which is well-known side by side with the famous Xiaozhuang Normal School in the north and south of the country, and is regarded as a model of rural education.


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    ▲張治中將軍關于教育的題字

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    ▲1990年10月,在張治中誕辰100周年之際,故鄉人民在黃麓師范里鑄起了一座張治中全身塑像表達感懷之情。如今保留成為校園景觀一部分


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    ▲黃麓師范校址地圖與民國時期風貌


    自1928年創辦黃麓師范學校,張治中先生一直高度關注學校的發展,每次回鄉均要視察學校、與師生座談。張治中先生曾說“我是愿意把從事教育作為我的終身事業”。在創校之初明確提出“復興農村,復興民族”的方針,親題校訓:敬、勇、誠、毅——敬以待人、勇以行義、誠以存心、毅以立志。


    Mr. Zhang Zhizhong has been paying close attention to the development of the school. Every time he returns to his hometown, he has to inspect the school and talk with teachers and students. Mr Zhang Zhizhong once said, "I am willing to take education as my lifelong career". At the beginning of the school, the policy of "rejuvenating the countryside and rejuvenating the nation" was clearly put forward, and the motto of the school was: respect, courage, sincerity and perseverance-respect for others, courage and righteousness, sincerity and intention, and perseverance.


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    ▲新老校區范圍與歷史建筑

     

    而今,歷經近百年的風雨,老校址仍在,卻遍布了歲月的痕跡。本次首先更新恢復黃麓師范校園內4棟歷史建筑(市級文保單位),并恢復了建校初期的校園格局,致敬百年學校的歷史記憶……


    After nearly 100 years, the original site of Huanglu Normal School is still here. In this design, four historical buildings (municipal-level cultural preservation units) in the Huanglu Normal Campus were first  protected and restored, and the campus pattern in the early days of the school was restored, paying tribute to the historical memory of the century-old school......


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    基于尊重歷史的原則,圍繞4棟歷史建筑,在老校區的原址恢復了民國時期的校園風貌原址。


    based on the principle of respecting history, the four historical buildings and the space pattern on the original site were restored to the campus style during the Republic of China.


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    “桂翁堂”是黃麓師范建校之初的禮堂兼教室。因張將軍父輩是“桂”字輩,故名。“桂翁堂”三字乃時任民民國政府考試院院長戴季陶先生所題。為紀念其父的桂翁堂有張治中親植的樹木、張治中將軍像、張治中先生“家庭、家族、家鄉”主題陳列等。


    "Gui Weng Hall" was the auditorium and classroom at the beginning of the establishment of Huanglu Normal School. In honor of his father, General Zhangs named the hall after his father and The calligraphy of  "Gui Weng Tang" was inscribed by Mr. Dai Jitao, then president of the Government Examination Institute of the Republic of China.  Now there are trees planted by General Zhang, a portrait of the General, and a special exhibition of Mr. Zhang Zhizhong and Huanglu Normal School.


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    ▲桂翁堂外側的保護圍墻與軸線


    本次景觀更新以保護為原則退讓了桂翁堂,保留了原堂內的古木大樹,僅在外部修繕圍墻,并以外部軸線烘托這建校初期的核心空間。


    In this landscape renewal, the Gui Weng Hall has been relinquished in the principle of conservation, and the ancient trees in the original hall have been retained. The outer wall has been repaired, and an external axis has been addressed.


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    ▲襯托桂翁堂的保護性圍墻




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    ▲歷史照片中的老校舍與法國梧桐



    老校舍附近的空間秩序因列植法國梧桐的保留得到延續,成為場地最美的印記。


    The spatial order near the old school building has been preserved with the old paulownia.


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    ▲校舍周邊保留的列植法國梧桐




    百年校園的沉淀,老校區的現場遺留大量喬木,銀杏、水杉、廣玉蘭、圓柏、法國梧桐、香樟等……


    With the precipitation of the century-old campus, a large number of trees, such as Ginkgo biloba, metasequoia glyptostroboides, Magnolia grandiflora, Sabina vulgaris, Platanus acerifolia, Cinnamomum camphora, etc., were left on the site of the old campus. 
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    ▲老操場邊的香樟樹


    保留下來的這些原生樹木,枝干粗壯、枝葉繁茂、斑駁的身影、陽光從樹葉縫隙灑落下來,仿佛在訴說這里的光陰故事,為百年校園的沉淀增添幾分歷史感。


    The design was based on the principle of avoiding and protecting the original trees as much as possible. The preserved native trees, with thick branches, lush foliage and mottled figures, seemed to tell the story of time here, adding a sense of history to the precipitation of the century-old campus.


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    ▲湖邊的水杉、法桐與歷史紀念墻


    對于新校區來講,新形式的設計、新的材料,與老校區統一的風貌與調性,也是對設計師的一種考驗,這需要對老校園的材料、工藝、歷史等有充分的了解。


    For the new campus, the new design form, new materials, unified style and tonality with the old campus are also a test for designers, which requires a full understanding of the materials, technology and history of the original campus.



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    以保護、修繕、合理利用的原則,盡量去還原歷史的風貌。在材料的選擇上,為了匹配建筑外立面的色調,景觀選材上,將代表民國時代風格的青磚,用到圍墻、景墻、地面等硬質景觀上,沿用建筑的符號與元素,進行整體設計調性的匹配。


    With the principle of protection, repair and rational utilization, try to restore the historical features. In the selection of materials, in order to match the color of the building facade, in the selection of landscape materials, a large number of old-time blue bricks were collected from the countryside and used in hard landscapes such as fences, landscape walls and floors, and architectural symbols and elements were used to match the overall design tonality.
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    ▲青磚元素


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    ▲學校周邊的自然風光



    自設計初期我們就注意到學校周邊優越的自然景觀資源:學校內外的高差明顯,湖泊、濕地、鄉村田野自然景觀豐富。


    Since the early stage of the design, we have always paid attention to the excellent natural landscapearound the school: the mountains terrain, and lakes, wetlands, and rural fields.


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    ▲新校區的湖邊棧道


    設計在整體呼應周邊天然的生態形態,將生態景觀理念引入校園,延展鄉村生態景觀,最低程度干預自然生態。


    Using the surrounding natural ecological resources, the concept of ecological landscape is introduced into the campus to extend the rural ecological landscape. 


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    利用校園南面的現狀水塘改造為校園中央生態景區,形成以圖書館為中心的新校園教學核心。


    The existing reservoir in the south of the campus has been transformed into an ecological lake at the centere of the new campus.


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    ▲新校區的湖區周邊建筑設施


    原校址上避讓并保留的原有植物,梳理并重新優化配植,整合形成新的綠化景觀空間 ——不僅僅是歷史的景觀,也是親近自然的景觀。


    The existing trees were retained on the original school site. And the plants style inspire the planting design in the new school. We aim to balance betwwen historical landscape and natural landscape.


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    ▲更新后的綠蔭草坪


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    近百年歷史的老校址、與更古老的山川已經為黃麓師范學校勾勒了原始的輪廓。在這樣記憶積淀上,新校區的景觀設計總能感受到一股向上的牽引力。


    The nearly 100-year-old school site and even older natural surroundings have drawn the original outline of the Huanglu Normal School. The landscape design in new school area was deeply influenced by these elements, yet in a new form.


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    ▲新校區的校訓石與老校區一墻之間相望


    新老校區之間的對話,也帶來了設計層面的創新。


    The dialogue between the old and new campuses has also led to innovation in design.


    張治中將軍在建校初期就親題的校訓:“敬、勇、誠、毅——敬以待人、勇以行義、誠以存心、毅以立志”在新校區中找到了與百年老校區相望新的位置。


    General Zhang Zhizhongs motto in the early days of the school: "Respect, Courage, Sincerity, Perseverance - Respect for others, courage to do righteousness, sincerity to heart, perseverance to aspire" found a new position in the new campus.


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    ▲高差讓新老校址之間相鄰又相離


    邊界高差的處理,讓新老校區時間上的凝望轉化為景觀實體上的互相凝望。


    The elevation in the boundary between the old and new campuses has been given a form to as a posture of gaze in between.


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    還有已然是現代模樣的“思教亭”,隔著原水塘改造的新水景,望向老校址的方向。


    There is also the "Sijiao Pavilion", which is already a modern appearance, and looks in the direction to the old school site across the renovated central lake.


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    ▲新校區的思教亭望向老校區


    這些景觀設施在為新擴建校園功能服務的同時,像是無形中的一根拉索時時把新的時代與老的記憶緊密相連。


    While serving the new campus, these landscape facilities are molded with an invisible clue from the original site. This design also allows us to perceive the embodiment of memory more concretely.


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    ▲整合的新老校區融入黃麓的山川與晚霞


    每當夜幕降臨,新老之間模糊了邊界,整合一體的黃麓師范學校融入了山川與晚霞之中。帶著懷舊、進取、育人的信念,將百年校園發揚光大,生生不息。


    Whenever night falls, the boundary between the old and the new is blurred, even integrating with the mountains, lakes and the sunset. With the concept of nostalgia, enterprising, and education, the renovated lanscape has been with the students and teachers here .


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    黃麓師范學校,這所擁有深厚文化底蘊的百年名校,煥發了新的生機。正以昂揚的姿態,以百年名校的標準打造精品校園,將其建設成鑲嵌在環巢湖區域的一顆璀璨的教育明珠;打造成現代文明與歷史文化和自然景觀融為一體的知名幼兒師資教育培養基地。


    We attempt to  build a high-quality campus with the standards of a century-old famous school. Today, Huanglu Normal School, a century-old famous school with profound cultural heritage, has been revitalized. As a bright educational pearl embedded around Chaohu Lake, it is now a well-known early childhood education training base integrating with historical heritages and tourism.


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